O. taloniensis was first described as a subspecies from Crete by Kreutz in 2007 and subsequently promoted to a full species. It is a member of the widespread and largely Eastern Mediterranean based O. bornmuelleri group of Ophrys.
Up until the turn of the 20th century most authorities believed the O. bornmuelleri group on Crete was only represented by O. episcopalis and that there were separate populations of an earlier flowering Ophrys which had become known as O. maxima (recently reclassified as O. colossaea on Rhodes). Research by Paulus and Hirth in 2009 confirmed that in fact both the early and late species shared the same pollinator and were therefore a single taxon. This view was later reinterpreted by Kreutz and he formally described O. taloniensis as the early flowering new species. A further member of the group has also been recognized from the island and this is the late flowering O. helios.
On Crete, there are therefore three similar Ophrys which are difficult to separate except by size and phenology. O. taloniensis flowers from mid March and is the smallest flower, O. episcopalis appears in early April and is significantly the largest flower, O. helios commences in mid April and is mid-sized between the two others. It is entirely conceivable to visit Crete in April and encounter all three species in flower
concurrently. O. taloniensis would however be in poor condition and the others just beginning. O. taloniensis and O. episcopalis are very variable, both appearing in scolopaxoid and trapezoid forms though the former is more often quadrangular, with less flared lip margins. It is also generally duller and browner than the sometimes extravagantly coloured O. episcopalis. The pictures date from the first week of April.
The following comparative photos were both taken on the 11th of April and illustrate the difference in relative growth of the two species at that time. O. taloniensis (left) has virtually completed its flowering cycle whereas O. episcopalis (right) is just commencing.
